By conquering the battle of Panipat and Ghaghra, Babar not only established a new dynasty but also broke Afghan power kicked spine. As a result of two defeats, the backbone of Afghan power was broken. As a result of the defeat of two times, the Afghan power had broken. Afghans were cruel due to caste nature.

Surrendered Afghans were not desperate. They secretly organized their military strictness and were ready to lay the foundation of the Mughal dynasty. Incidentally, when he received the title of a worthy leader like Sher Shah alias Sher Khan, the scattered Afghans in many areas of India gradually started gathering under Sher Shah and gathering.

By raising the national sentiment among the Afghans, Sher Khan finally showed his resolve to exterminate Humayun and restore the Afghan power again in India. Later, the governing system established by Sher Shah worked as the ideal for the Mughals.

sher shah suri

Early Life Of Sher Shah Suri

Sher Shah's early life was not less exciting than Babur and Akbar. In childhood, the name of Sher Shah was Fareed Khan. His father's name was Hassan Khan and Dada's name was Abraham Khan. Ibrahim Khan used to do horse trading. But luck did not succeed in Ibrahim Khan business. At that time India was considered as a source of shelter for different people.

So he came to India from Afghanistan in search of a job. In the long run, Hassan Khan Sultan, son of Abraham, became the governor of Baholol Lodi and he was given a manor. Fareed Khan aka Sher Shah was born in 1486 AD with Hasan Afghan's first Afghan wife. Hassan Khan was more affectionate on his new wives, so because of father's indifference and the mischief of his stepmother, Fareed's childhood started living in crisis.

When he came down, Sher Shah left his house at the age of 39 and went to Jaunpur. Jaunpur proved to be a boon for Ana Fareed. Jaunpur was the center of learning. Farid learned the Arabic and Persian languages by working hard. Later, his relationship with the father became good again. His father handed him over the rule of Sahasarama and Khawaspur parishes.

In a few days, Sher Shah streamed the regime of Paragana. Her father was very pleased with her But for the insurer of Farid, all this became unbearable. Fareed's father, after coming to his wife's talk, was expelled from his son.

Due to father, he went to Agra. At that time Ibrahim Lodi was the sultan of Delhi. Lodi did not pay any attention to Farid's fariudi because Lodi was more affectionate on her father. After the death of Hasan Khan, Ibrahim Lodi declared Farid as the successor of Hasan and thus once again Farid became an officer of the paternal estate and reached Sahasrama.

Fareed Khan tried to keep his step-brothers as satisfied as possible. But jealousy, they started conspiring against Farid. Tired of the behavior of step brothers, Farid accepted the job of Bahar Khan, ruler of Bihar. Affected by his ability, Bahar Khan made Farid his supporter and patron. It is said that, once Fareed played a lion while playing a prey. Bahar Khan gave the title of "Sher Kha" to Fareed's bravery and courage.

Early Life and Throne

Nasiruddin Muhammad was the eldest son of Humayun Babar. He was born in March, 1508 AD in the fort of Kabul. Humayun's mother's name was Mahm Begum. Maham Begum was the daughter of Hussain Baikra of Herat. Babur married Maham Begum in 1506 AD. He believed Maham Begum the most. Babar had three more sons, in which Kamran and Asakari were born Gulurkh Begum and Hindal Jaan from the heart of Agachi.

Initially Babar's life itself was endangered. So in childhood, he was unable to manage Humayun's education properly. But after returning to Kabul, Babar arranged for the education of initiation of Humayun. Babar had appointed two teachers. They were Maulana Christ-Al-Din Ruhullah and Maulana Illyas. Humayun became a good knowledge of Turkish, Arabic and Persian languages in a few days under the protection of both the qualified professors. Humayun's interest in literature, mathematics, astrology, philosophy, astronomy and painting was more. On India, Humayun acquired the knowledge of Hindi language.

Practical Life

Babur was not satisfied with intellectual development only. He wanted Humayun to be trained in practical life too. This was the reason that at the age of 21, he was made a sub-seat of Badakhshan.
In Babar's Indian campaign, Humayun took help from a bad soldier with a military detachment.
In the field of Panipat and Khanwa, he fought with Babar with shoulder and shoulder.


In keeping with Humayun's military capability, Babar appointed him again as Governor of Badakhshan. Badkhashan remained Humayun from 1527 AD to 1529 AD. Humayun failed to suppress this seed in the middle.
So Babar called him Agra after seeing his falling health.
Humayun was appointed as the vassal of Sambhal after a few days in Agra. Humayun got sick in Sambhal At the same time he was brought to Agra. Upon his illness, Babar, after looking at his death, convened a meeting of all the chieftains and declared Humayun his succession.

Early Difficulties Of Humayun

The new Mughal Empire stood on the brink of the volcano. Due to the internal rebellion, the embarrassment of the empire, the gluttony of the relatives and dissatisfaction between the soldiers, Delhi's cushion proved to be the crown of thorns instead of the flowers of the flowers.
To control the heterogeneous situation was the need of a skilled, diplomatic, qualified military ruler and a wealthy ruler of genius. But unfortunately, due to the personal flaws of Humayun, the condition of the Mughal Empire became increasingly intimidated.

Struggle to Protect Succession

Despite versatile opposition, Humayun was active in protecting the prestige of the Mughal Empire after the accession. In the initial stage, luck accompanied Humayun. He wanted to expand the Mughal empire. Therefore, he has adopted a policy of aggression in order to establish the right to strategic targets.

Attack on Kalinga

Kalinger was in Bundelkhand. Kalinger was an important fort from Siddhi Rishta. The ruler of Kalinjar wanted to take over the Pratapurdur Kalpa. After the five or six months of the throne, Humayun invaded Kalinger in 1531 AD. On the fort of Kalinjar, the army of Mughal army remained for several months. Meanwhile Mahmood Lodi took control of Jaunpur and its adjoining area.

In such a situation, Humayun made an agreement with the ruler of Kalinga. King Pratapudrud of Kalinjar accepted the submission of Humayun. Humayun received twelve mind gold as a gift. Kalinger's kingdom was not destroyed. Prataparudu became the enemy of Humayun and he started giving support to the Afghans. Thus, there was a mistake of the campaign campaigner Humayun.

Struggle against Mahmood Lodi

Mahmood Lodi organized the Afghan and took control of Jaunpur and surrounding areas. Humayun lifted the circle of Kalinjar for the purpose of suppressing Mahmud Lodi and returned to Agra and took possession of Jaunpur Oar with a large army. After this incident Mahmood Lodi did not get the courage to attack against the Mughal empire.

Rebellion of Kamran

Seeing Humayun being entangled with the Afghans and the Mirans, Kamran decided to fulfill his ambitions. He handed over the administration of Afghanistan to Afghanistan, Punjab, Multan and Lahore. Humayun was forced to recognize the rights of Kamran on Punjab, Multan and Lahore.

Chunar cordon

The fort of Chunar was in the possession of Sher Khan. Lion Khan was a skilled diplomat. He did not want to destroy his military power by making a direct fight with the Mughals. So he compromised with Humayun. Humayun also wanted to suppress the ruler of Gujarat, Bahadur Shah. So when the initiative was taken by Sher Khan, Humayun accepted it for the treaty.

The fort of Chunar was handed over to Lion Khan. Sher Khan accepted the subjugation of the Mughals and sent 500 Afghans to carry his son Khutab Khan to Humayun's service. Humayun Sher Khan did not understand the trick Sher Khan succeeded in conquering Bengal by winning his power. Humayun forgot by handing the fort of Chunar to Lion Khan....

Babar's Early Life

Founder of Mughal Empire Jahiruddin Mu Babar was born on February 14, 1483, in the small region of Central Asia, Farghana. Babar was ambitious. He was not satisfied after finding Fargana's small principality. So he planned to conquer the capital of Timur, Samarkand. The ruler of Samarkand was Ahmad Mirza.

Babar's first attack was unsuccessful. In 1497 AD, Barbara became the right of Samarkand. After some time, due to some reasons, he had to frustrate and lose both Samarkand and he became nomadic. But soon his fortune contributed to him and he regained control over Fargana.

Victory In Kabul

For the purpose of trying to try Babur fate, Kabul and Ghajini pushed towards Incidentally, before the arrival of Babar in Kabul, political frenzy had started. Babar got a golden opportunity and in 1504 AD he took over Kabul and Ghajini. The victory of Kabul changed Babur's fate line. In 1506, Babur's eldest son Humayun was born in Kabul.

Babur conquered Samarkand, Bukhara, and Khorasan. But Samarkand was not in Babar's hands for more days. When Babar could not fulfill the empire's expansion in the north-west, he focused his attention on the south-east. Babar had to wait many years to get admission in the Indian border.

First Attack

In 1519 AD, Babar invaded the Bajaur fort along the Indian border along with military preparations. By conquering Bajaur, Babur slaughtered Hindu defenders for the purpose of spreading terror. After Bajaur-Vijay, he attacked the place of Bhira on the banks of Jhelum river. Due to the rebellion of the locals, Bhima had to leave him soon.

Second Attack

In 1519 AD Babar crossed Khyber for the second time. This time the main objective of the attack was to suppress the Yusufajians and collect logistics in Peshawar Fort. He wanted to establish Peshawar as a basis and to maintain his right in India. But at the same time, the rebellion was reported in Badakhshan, so he had to leave India.

Third Invasion

Babar's third invasion of India took place in 1520 AD. Having access to Bajaur and Bhira, he reached Sialkot. Babar did not face opposition to take control of Sialkot. Meanwhile, Babar got the information that unrest in Kandahar has spread. He had to be forced to return from India for the third time.

Fourth Invasion

Babur strengthened his position in Afghanistan and made a fourth attempt to attack India in 1524 AD. This time the invasion of invasion was found only from India. The relationship between Sultan Ibrahim Lodi and the governor of Punjab was consolidated. Ibrahim Lodhi had ordered to visit Delhi after seeing the growing influence of wealth. But Daulat Khan disobeyed the orders of Sultan Ibrahim Lodi, not present himself.
Ibrahim was terrified of Lodi's fear and sent his son Dilawar Khan to Kabul. Daulat Khan wanted to take Ibrahim Lodi's uncle Alam Khan to the throne of Delhi with the help of military help from Babar.

Hence, in view of invitations, Babur started for India-Vijay in 1524 AD. Daulat Khan had been expelled from Punjab after losing to Lodi, so he urged Babur to restore himself to Punjab. Babar was ready to give only the jagirs of Jalandhar and Sultanpur to the wealthy palace. With Babar's behavior, Dullat Khan got frustrated and escaped with his son Ghazi Khan and started planning to take control of Lahore.

Fifth Invasion

Babar had planned to invade India with the whole preparations for the fifth time. In November 1525, he handed over the responsibility of Kabul and Kandahar to his son Kamran and left for India. On the way, Humayun got the army with the drunk and got along with him. After crossing the Jhelum river, Lahore's army also got along with Babar.

Receiving information of outside arrival, Daulat Khan and his son, Gazi Khan secured themselves in the fort of Milkwood. Babar got the right to Sialkot. Indian Sardar started collecting in Lahore But only in the battlefield, the wealthy landowner landed with his 40 thousand soldiers to fight against Babur. His army soon got scattered and Daulat Khan had to surrender. After exercising control over Lahore and its adjacent areas, Babur moved towards Delhi.

Ibrahim Lodi left with a huge army after receiving information about Babar's invasion and victory. Babar had advanced from Sirhind and Ambala. So Ibrahim Lodi sent two of his soldiers to Hissar-Firozha to block the route. Babu's son Humayun was confronted with these soldiers. Humayun defeated Lion's army.

Only Ibrahim's army could obstruct in the way of going to Delhi. Therefore, Babar was born on the banks of the Yamuna river on April 12, 1526. E reached Panipat. On April 21, 1526, between Sultan Ibrahim Lodi and Mughal invader Babar of Delhi.

The Mansabdari system developed by the Mughals was such that there is no example outside India. The creation of the Manashbari system was probably the result of the famous Mangol winner and invader Genghis Khan, who organized his army on the basis of the decimal. The smallest unit (unit or unit) was often and the highest ten thousand (Towman), whose army chief was called Khan. This military system of Mongols influenced the military system of Delhi Sultanate to some extent because in this period we hear about one hundred and one thousand army chiefs (century and Hazara). But in the era of Babur and Humayun, there was no man-made practice or the historians have yet not known anything about it. Therefore, there is a great difference between historians about the origin of the Manashbari system. Based on the present evidence, it seems that the Manashbari system was started in the nineteenth year (1575) of Akbar during his rule.

Akbar brought manners in place of manipulation

Samrat Akbar knew well the importance of the army. He knew that in the absence of a permanent and powerful army, neither peace can be established nor the empire can be protected and expanded. On the basis of Akbar's pre-feudal practice, the practice of collecting troops was in vogue. He saw that the vassals do not have a certain number of horses and neither are horsemen or soldiers. On the contrary, they used to spend government money on their luxury. Akbar organized the army on the basis of the manabdari system instead of the feudatory system. There was a mechanism to organize the Manashbari army, in which each man had his own class and rank (manasab) according to the cavalier soldiers. In this arrangement, the emissary received cash salaries per month from the emperor.

Meaning of the word mansab

"Manasab" is the word of Persian language. This word means rank, status or status. The man who was given the emperor was called Mansabdar (Mansabdar). Akbar has given each and every soldier and civilian officer some mansab (post). These positions are divided into two parts called cast or rider. Caste means the personal post or the position and the meaning of the rider, with the fixed number of horsemen who had the right to keep a human being in their possession. Thus the word mansab is not just a word of military system but it means the post on which the military or non-military officer was appointed or kept. In other words, there was a position to gain a reputation or status. This would determine the position, position and salary of the person. To understand its true meaning, it is necessary to get the information of its features.

Features of manliness system

Division of classmates

Akbar divided the castes and riders into three categories -

The higher the person who was given the personal (personal) status, he was also authorized to keep the more equestrian and was called the first class manasab. In the time of Akbar, the youngest or the following Manasab (the post) had the authority over ten sepoys and had the authority to hold the highest ten thousand horsemen. Akbar later increased the maximum Manasab limit to 12 thousand rupees.
The Manashbhaar could have kept half the number or half-a-dozen horsemen from his caste (individual), he was manipulative in the second category.
The person with whom he had the right to keep less than half of his caste (personal position) was called a third-class manasi.
It was compulsory for all Manashbadars to have two horses for a horse. Any manasabardar was allowed to stay in accordance with the caste position.

Man's appointment

The Emperor himself used to appoint Manashbars and he could remain in office till his will. Often, seven thousand people were given to Rajasarana people or very important and trusted leaders like Raja Mansingh, Mirza Shahrukh and Mirza Aziz Coca. The emperor gave the princes 12 thousand rupees.

Wages of man's party

Mughal manasbadars got very good salaries. They were often paid in cash. But sometimes the manor's revenue was also given in lieu of the salary. He had to spend the cost of horse-mounted horses and horses under his own personal income and wages. Even so, even during the time of Akbar, Manashbad used to live a life of happy and happy life, because at that time they did not have to pay income tax and the purchasing power of the rupee was much more than today. First class Panchasahari Manasbadar received Rs 30,000 per month, second class Panchahahari received 29,000 rupees per month, and third category panchahajari received 28,000 rupees per month. Apart from this, Manasbadar also got an additional salary of Rs 2 per month for every rider.

Functions of Manashbars

Manned soldiers could be sent to the campaigns. They had to perform non-military and administrative tasks, related to their posts, and from time to time, to prevent rebellion, win new states, etc.

Ban on Manashbars

Akbar took special care to stop the Manashbars from doing their arbitrariness that they only recruited experienced and skilled riders. Under this, the practice of stalking the horse and taking the horse was started. From time to time, the King himself inspected his army or he could have appointed himself a committee to inspect his army. Manasabad

Biography of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu

• He was born on February 18, 1486.
• His father's name was Jagannath Mishra and mother's name was Shachi Devi.
• Chaitanya Prabhu awakened a new consciousness in Bengal and Orissa with his reformist movement.
• From the beginning of life, he introduced the literary talent of high-quality.
• At the age of twenty-four years, he renounced the world and become a saint.
• He spent the rest of his life spreading the message of devotion and love.
• He considered Krishna to be his ancestral god.

 Chaitanya Prabhu

• Like the early Sufis, he used the music circles for pairing and kirtan for spiritual perception, in which (in kirtan) taking the name of the world does not care about the external world.
• He remained Vrindavan for a long time but most of his time spent almost all the tours of India and in the promotion of devotion.
• Their effect was extensive. In his kirtan, both Hindus and Muslims used to go.
• They were also from low caste people.
• Chaitanya did not oppose Vedic religious texts and idol worship but they can not be called traditionalists because Chaitanya Mahaprabhu did not consider caste system and caste system.
• They were not communal, in their thoughts saguna bhakti's voice was prominent.

The Teachings OF  Chaitanya Prabhu

The summary of the teachings of Chaitanya is that in the excuse, "If anybody worships Krishna and serves the guru, then he becomes free from Maya's trap and becomes integrated with God". Mahaprabhu condemned Brahminism and rituals. Their main objective was to remove the social inequality and elevate the backward class. They wanted to create a harmonious atmosphere among Hindus and Muslims. He was a humanist and he was very sad at the plight of the dalit class.